Globulin reflects the non‑albumin proteins in blood—mostly antibodies (immunoglobulins) plus transport and complement proteins. It is a window into immune readiness, chronic inflammation, liver synthetic balance, protein nutrition, and fluid status. Together with albumin (the A/G ratio), it helps explain infection defense, wound repair, hormone and mineral transport, and blood viscosity.Low values usually reflect too few immune proteins being made or too much being lost or diluted. This occurs with immune deficiency, protein‑losing kidney or gut conditions, advanced liver dysfunction, malnutrition, or overhydration. System‑level effects include reduced antibody reserve, higher infection susceptibility, and weaker mucosal defense. Infants naturally run lower; late pregnancy can show mild dilutional lowering.Being in range suggests balanced immune activity without excess inflammation, adequate liver protein synthesis, sufficient dietary protein, and stable hydration. In healthy adults, the A/G ratio typically sits modestly above 1, and globulin near the mid‑range signals steady, resilient physiology.High values usually reflect heightened antibody production from chronic infection, autoimmune activity, or chronic liver disease (polyclonal increase), or expansion of a single antibody clone (monoclonal gammopathy). Dehydration can concentrate proteins and transiently raise levels. System effects may include features of chronic inflammation (lower energy, malaise), and when markedly elevated, increased blood viscosity or neuropathic symptoms. In older adults, monoclonal causes become more common.Notes: Many labs report calculated globulin (total protein minus albumin); electrophoresis shows patterns (alpha, beta, gamma) that refine interpretation and the A/G ratio. Pregnancy, age, acute illness, IV immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressive drugs influence results. Hydration status can shift values meaningfully.
